One is that it might be difficult for preachers to preach on the heaven as a social hierarchy because, I think, many Christians believe that heaven is where all the ranks, prejudices, hierarchies, privileges, or aristocracies would disappear. They may frown if they hear that social ranks still exist even in heaven. We would explain that ranks in heaven are not like something we have on earth. Saints in heaven will not envy or compete with each other because they would all be a part of a perfect harmony and proportion. Yet still it is a challenge as a preacher to communicate this idea to the congregation. I think it natural that, when Edwards’s schema of beings is transposed into the heaven, it will be like this. But I’m interested in what kind of Bible passages Edwards uses to develop this idea. Are Heb. 1:14; Eph. 3:10; 1 Cor. 6:3 are major passages he uses?
Another issue is panentheism. I appreciate that you are addressing the issue of panentheism in your book Communion in the Spirit. The main point is that although when saints become partakers of the divine essence, they incessantly come close to God, but they never fully achieve the deity itself — Creator and creature distinction is firm. Yet in his book Panentheism: The Other God of Philosophers (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006), John Cooper defines panentheism as the idea that “although God and the world are ontologically distinct and God transcends the world, the world is ‘in’ God ontologically” (p.18). Hence even if the distinction between God and the world (creatures) is maintained, if the ontologically inclusive relationship is established, the allegation of panentheism may persist.
These are a few of the questions lingering in my mind.
Thank you again for this thought-provoking article.
Reita Yazawa
Praytell, who are you and where are you doing your PhD?
Gerald McDermott
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